Graph coloring is a fundamental area of research in graph theory that focuses on assigning colors to the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices have the same color. The main objective of graph coloring is to determine the minimum number of colors required to color a graph, which is known as the chromatic number of the graph. This area of research has applications in various fields, including computer science, scheduling problems, and network optimization. Researchers in this field study different coloring algorithms, properties of colorings, and ways to optimize the coloring of graphs.